ABSTRACT
Background: Based on different studies it was shown that exercise training is an important factor in preconception and prenatal care
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether regular preconception exercise training with or without exercise training during pregnancy decreases detrimental effects of maternal high fat diet on female offspring bone health
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four C57BL/6 female mice were fed high-fat diet [35%] and were randomly divided into four groups: trained in preconception period and exercised during pregnancy [TE]; trained in preconception periods but unexercised during pregnancy [TC]; untrained in preconception periods but exercised during pregnancy [CE]; untrained and unexercised [CC]. Trained mice were subjected to a protocol of moderate endurance exercise training over a period of 4 weeks before pregnancy. TE and CE Dams groups had access to wheels throughout pregnancy until delivery. Analyses were performed on the female offspring that did not have access to running wheels or exercise training during any portion of their lives. The relative expression levels of beta-catenin, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Y [PPARY], osteoprotegerin [OPG], and Receptor activator of nuclear factor NF-kB ligand [RANKL] were determined by Quantitative RT-PCR [qPCR]
Results: Exercise during pregnancy in isolation had no effect on any measure genes but exercise both before and during pregnancy affected all genes. Exercise only before pregnancy increased beta-catenin and OPG and decreased PPARY, RANKL, and RANKL/OPG ratio [p<0.001]
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that maternal exercise training before and during pregnancy may modulate the risk of bone disorders in offspring of mothers fed a high-fat diet
ABSTRACT
Background: Heat stress evaluation and timely notification, especially using meteorological data is an important issue attracted attention in recent years
Therefore, this study aimed at answering the following research questions: 1] can enthalpy as a common environmental parameter reported by meteorological agencies be applied accurately for evaluation of thermal condition of outdoor settings, and 2] if so, what is it's the best criterion to detect areas in stress or stress-free situations, separately
Methods: Nine climatic regions were selected throughout Iran covering a wide variety of climatic conditions like those, which exist around the world. Three types of parameters including measured [ta, RH, Pa and WBGT], estimated [metabolic rate and cloth thermal insulation], and calculated parameters [enthalpy and effective WBGT] were recorded for 1452 different situations. Enthalpy as a new indicator in this research was compared to WBGT in selected regions
Results: Altogether, a good consistency was obtained between enthalpy and WBGT in selected regions [Kappa value: 0.815]. Based on the good ROC curve obtained using MedCal software, the criterion of the values more than 74.24 for the new index was determined to explain heat stress situation for outdoor environments
Conclusions: Because of simplicity in measurement, applicability of the indicator for weather agencies, the consistency observed between enthalpy and a valid as well as accurate index [WBGT], sensor requirements which take only a few seconds to reach equilibrium and so on, enthalpy indicator can be introduced and applied as a good substitute for WBGT for outdoor settings
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 9 weeks aerobic exercise and multivitamin supplement on plasma level of HCY, CRP and TNF-alpha in non-athletic obese women. Total 30 sedentary and healthy obese women aged 25-50 year and BMI >/=30 Kg/m2 volunteered for this study. The subjects were randomly categorized into three experimental groups, aerobic group, aerobic-supplement group, and a nonintervention control group. The experimental groups went through a 9-week [3 days per week] aerobic exercise program. Blood samples were taken of all subjects before and after the aerobic exercise program at overnight fast. The data were analyzed through paired t test, ANOVA, and Dant. The significance level was p<0.05. Aerobic and aerobic-supplement exercise decreased the rate of HCY [p=0.013], CRP [p=0.001] and TNF-alpha [p=0.006] in obese women significantly, also the reduction of basic rates of CRP and TNF-alpha in aerobic group [p=0.001] and aerobic-supplement group [p=0.001] were significant compared to control group. But reduction of basic HCY levels was not significant, though. This reduction was significant in aerobic-supplement group [p=0.036]. This prospective data indicate that aerobic exercise with definitive intensity and multivitamin supplement decreased cardiovascular risk factors in obese women. Therefore as a modifiable lifestyle factor should be encouraged in obese adults for prevention of cardiovascular events
ABSTRACT
Background: Reactive oxygen species have an important role in the development of diabetes and its complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on oxidative stress in heart of diabetic rats
Material and methods: In an experimental study, 24 Wistar rats divided into two groups, 1. Resistance training [n = 12], and 2. Control group [n = 12]. Induction of diabetes was done by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin [STZ] at a dose of 50 mg/kg dissolved in phosphate buffer [pH, 4.5]. The training protocol consisted of 1 set of 10 climbing with the weight attached to the base of the tail, three times per week and for 8 weeks. Forty eight hours after last training session, animals were anesthetized blood was taken directly from the heart and then the heart removed and left ventricles were isolated and used for biochemical assessments. All the statistical analysis was done by SPSS software version 16. Level of significance was set at ?<0.05
Results: Resistance training group showed significant decrease in MDA and PC of hearts compared to control group [p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively]. Total glutathione content of the heart in the resistance training group were significantly higher [p<0.001]. Also, resistance training caused to a significant reduction in blood glucose [p=0.001]. Blood insulin levels were not different between groups, [p=0.931]
Conclusion: Finally, it appears that resistance training may reduce blood glucose and oxidative stress of heart and may increase total glutathione content of the heart. Observed reduction in oxidative stress and increased glutathione content, considering the antioxidant and protective properties of glutathione, suggests that these positive changes caused by resistance training may have protective role against development of cardiovascular complications in diabetes
ABSTRACT
Heart rate recovery [HRR] after exercise test and resting heart rate are shown to be important predicitive risk factors for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with CVD. Therefore the purpose of this study is comparison of the effects of selected aerobic continues and interval exercise training on resting heart rate and heart rate recovery after 1,2 and 3 minutes in POST CABG patients. Twenty four POST CABG patients [22 men, 2 women with mean age: 57.04 +/- 8.42 and mean BMI: 27.17 +/- 2.98 kg/m2] were divided to a selected aerobic continues training, 30-60 min and intensity of 70-85% of HR maximum [n=12] and an aerobic interval training with three interval [9- 15 min], 27-45 min and intensity of 75-90% of HR maximum [n=12]. They perform the exercise protocols three times per week for 8 weeks. Result of pair T test showed, there are significant differences between pre and post resting heart rate after continues and interval training [respectively, p=0.034, p=0.013]. Continues and interval exercise training have significant effects on heart rate recovery in 1,2 and three minutes after exercise [continues; tl: p=0.049, t2: p=0.033, t3: p=0.005. interval; tl: p=0.033, t2: p=0.038, T3: p=0.018]. Also there are not any significant differences between the effect of continues and interval exercise training on resting heart rate [p-0.311] HRR [tl:0.181, t2: 0.885, t3:953] after program. Both continuous and interval exercise training program improves resting heart rate and HRR minute's 1,2 and 3 in Post CABG patients and there are not any significant differences between two methods. This indicates the positive effects of exercise training on vageus tone and autonomic nervous system